Wlan header

Πρώτο μου Post στο blog και θα ξεκινήσω με ασύρματα δίκτυα. Στην παραπάνω εικόνα βλέπουμε ένα wlan frame.Μέσα στο frame control υπάρχει ένα πεδίο type(2bits) που ορίζει το Wlan frame αν θα είναι:  


1)Management frame 
2)Control frame 
3)data frame 

Management frame:Είναι υπεύθυνα για την διατήρηση της επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των σημείων πρόσβασης(AccessPoint) και των ασύρματων πελατών(Wireless clients).Τα management frames έχουν τους ακόλουθους υποτύπους:
  • Authentication 
  • Deauthentication 
  • Association request 
  • Association response 
  • Reassociation request 
  • Reassociation response 
  • Disassociation 
  • Beacon 
  • Probe request
  • probe response 
Control frames:Είναι υπεύθυνα για την εξασφάλιση αποτελεσματικής ανταλλαγής δεδομένων ανάμεσα στο AccessPoint και των ασύρματων πελατών.Έχουν τους άκολουθους υποτύπους:

  • Request-to-send(RTS)
  • Clear-to-send(CTS)
  • Acknowledgement (ACK)
Data frames:Μεταφέρουν τα πραγματικά δεδομέναπου αποστέλλονται στο ασύρματο δίκτυο.

Comments

  1. TasoXDecember 11, 2013 at 2:09 PM

    Ευχαριστώ για το σχόλιο σου!Οντως χρειάζεται πολύ προσπάθεια και κουράγιο για την συντήρηση μιας τέτοιας σελίδας.Αναφέρομαι σε λίγο πιο advanced χρήστες οπότε όταν θα συζητάμε για πακέτα ARP θα πρέπει να ψαχτεί και να διαβάσει τι ακριβώς είναι αυτό....:)

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Basic Pivoting with Cobaltstrike and Metasploit

Image
Last week we participated in a virtual network pentest in order to test our skills and the security of the network as well. During the pentest we encountered various problems during the host pivoting, so we wrote down the difficulties that we faced and how to solve them. Among various problems that we have faced was the initial beacon from the DMZ zone. Since, the web delivery could not executed, we have moving into https://github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 , a powershell script from nishang tool which is created from Nikhil Mittal. As the most real case scenarios so and this, the internal network seating behind a DMZ zone. So our first objective is to compromise somehow the external DMZ network and then we will use MSF and CobaltStrike to hope between hosts.   CobaltStrike Pivoting After enumerating the external network which we managed to upload a php file and execute system commands on the remo...
Read more

Hiding Data Using White Space (Steganography)

Image
Steganography is a technique of hiding  a secret message within an ordinary message and extracting it at the destination to maintain confidentiality of data. An attacker can use steganography to hide messages such as  source code for hacking tools, usernames and passwords, plans for future attacks and many more. Below i will explain how could this achieved in practice using Snow tool. 1)Create a simple txt file and browse to snow directory with command prompt and write the command below.   2)After creating the encrypt txt file you can open it and observe the differences.Have they got the same size?No. What else you could see ? 3)Decrypt the file and extract the hidden message. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography
Read more

Unhide a Hidden GPO

Image
Lately, i read on a very good write-up regarding to GPO's abuse. The name of the article is "GPO abuse - You can't see me" and you can read it  here  . The first question that came to my mind was "Why i can't see you?". Many times GUI is more convenient than PowerShell but in that case i found PowerShell better for me as well as i didn't want to use PowerView. I wanted to create something from the scratch and the biggest motivation is education. So i started to ask myself "if you compromise a host during an assessment, how you can enumerate GPOs without PowerView?". Remember that you are a low privileged user, so may you are not be able to import modules and you can't import ActiveDirectory to Windows 10 and use Get-AD****. The correct answer is "ADSI" and luckily for me, doesn't need to be an expert to use it for simple requests as mine. On this post i will try enumerate domain's GPO using ADSI as well as to unhide h...
Read more